4 * Copyright (C) 1991-1995, Thomas G. Lane.
5 * This file is part of the Independent JPEG Group's software.
6 * For conditions of distribution and use, see the accompanying README file.
8 * This file contains optional default-setting code for the JPEG compressor.
9 * Applications do not have to use this file, but those that don't use it
10 * must know a lot more about the innards of the JPEG code.
13 #define JPEG_INTERNALS
19 * Quantization table setup routines
23 jpeg_add_quant_table (j_compress_ptr cinfo, int which_tbl,
24 const unsigned int *basic_table,
25 int scale_factor, boolean force_baseline)
26 /* Define a quantization table equal to the basic_table times
27 * a scale factor (given as a percentage).
28 * If force_baseline is TRUE, the computed quantization table entries
29 * are limited to 1..255 for JPEG baseline compatibility.
32 JQUANT_TBL ** qtblptr = & cinfo->quant_tbl_ptrs[which_tbl];
36 /* Safety check to ensure start_compress not called yet. */
37 if (cinfo->global_state != CSTATE_START)
38 ERREXIT1(cinfo, JERR_BAD_STATE, cinfo->global_state);
41 *qtblptr = jpeg_alloc_quant_table((j_common_ptr) cinfo);
43 for (i = 0; i < DCTSIZE2; i++) {
44 temp = ((long) basic_table[i] * scale_factor + 50L) / 100L;
45 /* limit the values to the valid range */
46 if (temp <= 0L) temp = 1L;
47 if (temp > 32767L) temp = 32767L; /* max quantizer needed for 12 bits */
48 if (force_baseline && temp > 255L)
49 temp = 255L; /* limit to baseline range if requested */
50 (*qtblptr)->quantval[i] = (UINT16) temp;
53 /* Initialize sent_table FALSE so table will be written to JPEG file. */
54 (*qtblptr)->sent_table = FALSE;
59 jpeg_set_linear_quality (j_compress_ptr cinfo, int scale_factor,
60 boolean force_baseline)
61 /* Set or change the 'quality' (quantization) setting, using default tables
62 * and a straight percentage-scaling quality scale. In most cases it's better
63 * to use jpeg_set_quality (below); this entry point is provided for
64 * applications that insist on a linear percentage scaling.
67 /* This is the sample quantization table given in the JPEG spec section K.1,
68 * but expressed in zigzag order (as are all of our quant. tables).
69 * The spec says that the values given produce "good" quality, and
70 * when divided by 2, "very good" quality.
72 static const unsigned int std_luminance_quant_tbl[DCTSIZE2] = {
73 16, 11, 12, 14, 12, 10, 16, 14,
74 13, 14, 18, 17, 16, 19, 24, 40,
75 26, 24, 22, 22, 24, 49, 35, 37,
76 29, 40, 58, 51, 61, 60, 57, 51,
77 56, 55, 64, 72, 92, 78, 64, 68,
78 87, 69, 55, 56, 80, 109, 81, 87,
79 95, 98, 103, 104, 103, 62, 77, 113,
80 121, 112, 100, 120, 92, 101, 103, 99
82 static const unsigned int std_chrominance_quant_tbl[DCTSIZE2] = {
83 17, 18, 18, 24, 21, 24, 47, 26,
84 26, 47, 99, 66, 56, 66, 99, 99,
85 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99,
86 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99,
87 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99,
88 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99,
89 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99,
90 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99
93 /* Set up two quantization tables using the specified scaling */
94 jpeg_add_quant_table(cinfo, 0, std_luminance_quant_tbl,
95 scale_factor, force_baseline);
96 jpeg_add_quant_table(cinfo, 1, std_chrominance_quant_tbl,
97 scale_factor, force_baseline);
102 jpeg_quality_scaling (int quality)
103 /* Convert a user-specified quality rating to a percentage scaling factor
104 * for an underlying quantization table, using our recommended scaling curve.
105 * The input 'quality' factor should be 0 (terrible) to 100 (very good).
108 /* Safety limit on quality factor. Convert 0 to 1 to avoid zero divide. */
109 if (quality <= 0) quality = 1;
110 if (quality > 100) quality = 100;
112 /* The basic table is used as-is (scaling 100) for a quality of 50.
113 * Qualities 50..100 are converted to scaling percentage 200 - 2*Q;
114 * note that at Q=100 the scaling is 0, which will cause j_add_quant_table
115 * to make all the table entries 1 (hence, no quantization loss).
116 * Qualities 1..50 are converted to scaling percentage 5000/Q.
119 quality = 5000 / quality;
121 quality = 200 - quality*2;
128 jpeg_set_quality (j_compress_ptr cinfo, int quality, boolean force_baseline)
129 /* Set or change the 'quality' (quantization) setting, using default tables.
130 * This is the standard quality-adjusting entry point for typical user
131 * interfaces; only those who want detailed control over quantization tables
132 * would use the preceding three routines directly.
135 /* Convert user 0-100 rating to percentage scaling */
136 quality = jpeg_quality_scaling(quality);
138 /* Set up standard quality tables */
139 jpeg_set_linear_quality(cinfo, quality, force_baseline);
144 * Huffman table setup routines
148 add_huff_table (j_compress_ptr cinfo,
149 JHUFF_TBL **htblptr, const UINT8 *bits, const UINT8 *val)
150 /* Define a Huffman table */
152 if (*htblptr == NULL)
153 *htblptr = jpeg_alloc_huff_table((j_common_ptr) cinfo);
155 MEMCOPY((*htblptr)->bits, bits, SIZEOF((*htblptr)->bits));
156 MEMCOPY((*htblptr)->huffval, val, SIZEOF((*htblptr)->huffval));
158 /* Initialize sent_table FALSE so table will be written to JPEG file. */
159 (*htblptr)->sent_table = FALSE;
164 std_huff_tables (j_compress_ptr cinfo)
165 /* Set up the standard Huffman tables (cf. JPEG standard section K.3) */
166 /* IMPORTANT: these are only valid for 8-bit data precision! */
168 static const UINT8 bits_dc_luminance[17] =
169 { /* 0-base */ 0, 0, 1, 5, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
170 static const UINT8 val_dc_luminance[] =
171 { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 };
173 static const UINT8 bits_dc_chrominance[17] =
174 { /* 0-base */ 0, 0, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
175 static const UINT8 val_dc_chrominance[] =
176 { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 };
178 static const UINT8 bits_ac_luminance[17] =
179 { /* 0-base */ 0, 0, 2, 1, 3, 3, 2, 4, 3, 5, 5, 4, 4, 0, 0, 1, 0x7d };
180 static const UINT8 val_ac_luminance[] =
181 { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x00, 0x04, 0x11, 0x05, 0x12,
182 0x21, 0x31, 0x41, 0x06, 0x13, 0x51, 0x61, 0x07,
183 0x22, 0x71, 0x14, 0x32, 0x81, 0x91, 0xa1, 0x08,
184 0x23, 0x42, 0xb1, 0xc1, 0x15, 0x52, 0xd1, 0xf0,
185 0x24, 0x33, 0x62, 0x72, 0x82, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x16,
186 0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x25, 0x26, 0x27, 0x28,
187 0x29, 0x2a, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37, 0x38, 0x39,
188 0x3a, 0x43, 0x44, 0x45, 0x46, 0x47, 0x48, 0x49,
189 0x4a, 0x53, 0x54, 0x55, 0x56, 0x57, 0x58, 0x59,
190 0x5a, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
191 0x6a, 0x73, 0x74, 0x75, 0x76, 0x77, 0x78, 0x79,
192 0x7a, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87, 0x88, 0x89,
193 0x8a, 0x92, 0x93, 0x94, 0x95, 0x96, 0x97, 0x98,
194 0x99, 0x9a, 0xa2, 0xa3, 0xa4, 0xa5, 0xa6, 0xa7,
195 0xa8, 0xa9, 0xaa, 0xb2, 0xb3, 0xb4, 0xb5, 0xb6,
196 0xb7, 0xb8, 0xb9, 0xba, 0xc2, 0xc3, 0xc4, 0xc5,
197 0xc6, 0xc7, 0xc8, 0xc9, 0xca, 0xd2, 0xd3, 0xd4,
198 0xd5, 0xd6, 0xd7, 0xd8, 0xd9, 0xda, 0xe1, 0xe2,
199 0xe3, 0xe4, 0xe5, 0xe6, 0xe7, 0xe8, 0xe9, 0xea,
200 0xf1, 0xf2, 0xf3, 0xf4, 0xf5, 0xf6, 0xf7, 0xf8,
203 static const UINT8 bits_ac_chrominance[17] =
204 { /* 0-base */ 0, 0, 2, 1, 2, 4, 4, 3, 4, 7, 5, 4, 4, 0, 1, 2, 0x77 };
205 static const UINT8 val_ac_chrominance[] =
206 { 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x11, 0x04, 0x05, 0x21,
207 0x31, 0x06, 0x12, 0x41, 0x51, 0x07, 0x61, 0x71,
208 0x13, 0x22, 0x32, 0x81, 0x08, 0x14, 0x42, 0x91,
209 0xa1, 0xb1, 0xc1, 0x09, 0x23, 0x33, 0x52, 0xf0,
210 0x15, 0x62, 0x72, 0xd1, 0x0a, 0x16, 0x24, 0x34,
211 0xe1, 0x25, 0xf1, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x26,
212 0x27, 0x28, 0x29, 0x2a, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37, 0x38,
213 0x39, 0x3a, 0x43, 0x44, 0x45, 0x46, 0x47, 0x48,
214 0x49, 0x4a, 0x53, 0x54, 0x55, 0x56, 0x57, 0x58,
215 0x59, 0x5a, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68,
216 0x69, 0x6a, 0x73, 0x74, 0x75, 0x76, 0x77, 0x78,
217 0x79, 0x7a, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87,
218 0x88, 0x89, 0x8a, 0x92, 0x93, 0x94, 0x95, 0x96,
219 0x97, 0x98, 0x99, 0x9a, 0xa2, 0xa3, 0xa4, 0xa5,
220 0xa6, 0xa7, 0xa8, 0xa9, 0xaa, 0xb2, 0xb3, 0xb4,
221 0xb5, 0xb6, 0xb7, 0xb8, 0xb9, 0xba, 0xc2, 0xc3,
222 0xc4, 0xc5, 0xc6, 0xc7, 0xc8, 0xc9, 0xca, 0xd2,
223 0xd3, 0xd4, 0xd5, 0xd6, 0xd7, 0xd8, 0xd9, 0xda,
224 0xe2, 0xe3, 0xe4, 0xe5, 0xe6, 0xe7, 0xe8, 0xe9,
225 0xea, 0xf2, 0xf3, 0xf4, 0xf5, 0xf6, 0xf7, 0xf8,
228 add_huff_table(cinfo, &cinfo->dc_huff_tbl_ptrs[0],
229 bits_dc_luminance, val_dc_luminance);
230 add_huff_table(cinfo, &cinfo->ac_huff_tbl_ptrs[0],
231 bits_ac_luminance, val_ac_luminance);
232 add_huff_table(cinfo, &cinfo->dc_huff_tbl_ptrs[1],
233 bits_dc_chrominance, val_dc_chrominance);
234 add_huff_table(cinfo, &cinfo->ac_huff_tbl_ptrs[1],
235 bits_ac_chrominance, val_ac_chrominance);
240 * Default parameter setup for compression.
242 * Applications that don't choose to use this routine must do their
243 * own setup of all these parameters. Alternately, you can call this
244 * to establish defaults and then alter parameters selectively. This
245 * is the recommended approach since, if we add any new parameters,
246 * your code will still work (they'll be set to reasonable defaults).
250 jpeg_set_defaults (j_compress_ptr cinfo)
254 /* Safety check to ensure start_compress not called yet. */
255 if (cinfo->global_state != CSTATE_START)
256 ERREXIT1(cinfo, JERR_BAD_STATE, cinfo->global_state);
258 /* Allocate comp_info array large enough for maximum component count.
259 * Array is made permanent in case application wants to compress
260 * multiple images at same param settings.
262 if (cinfo->comp_info == NULL)
263 cinfo->comp_info = (jpeg_component_info *)
264 (*cinfo->mem->alloc_small) ((j_common_ptr) cinfo, JPOOL_PERMANENT,
265 MAX_COMPONENTS * SIZEOF(jpeg_component_info));
267 /* Initialize everything not dependent on the color space */
269 cinfo->data_precision = BITS_IN_JSAMPLE;
270 /* Set up two quantization tables using default quality of 75 */
271 jpeg_set_quality(cinfo, 75, TRUE);
272 /* Set up two Huffman tables */
273 std_huff_tables(cinfo);
275 /* Initialize default arithmetic coding conditioning */
276 for (i = 0; i < NUM_ARITH_TBLS; i++) {
277 cinfo->arith_dc_L[i] = 0;
278 cinfo->arith_dc_U[i] = 1;
279 cinfo->arith_ac_K[i] = 5;
282 /* Default is no multiple-scan output */
283 cinfo->scan_info = NULL;
284 cinfo->num_scans = 0;
286 /* Expect normal source image, not raw downsampled data */
287 cinfo->raw_data_in = FALSE;
289 /* Use Huffman coding, not arithmetic coding, by default */
290 cinfo->arith_code = FALSE;
292 /* By default, don't do extra passes to optimize entropy coding */
293 cinfo->optimize_coding = FALSE;
294 /* The standard Huffman tables are only valid for 8-bit data precision.
295 * If the precision is higher, force optimization on so that usable
296 * tables will be computed. This test can be removed if default tables
297 * are supplied that are valid for the desired precision.
299 if (cinfo->data_precision > 8)
300 cinfo->optimize_coding = TRUE;
302 /* By default, use the simpler non-cosited sampling alignment */
303 cinfo->CCIR601_sampling = FALSE;
305 /* No input smoothing */
306 cinfo->smoothing_factor = 0;
308 /* DCT algorithm preference */
309 cinfo->dct_method = JDCT_DEFAULT;
311 /* No restart markers */
312 cinfo->restart_interval = 0;
313 cinfo->restart_in_rows = 0;
315 /* Fill in default JFIF marker parameters. Note that whether the marker
316 * will actually be written is determined by jpeg_set_colorspace.
318 cinfo->density_unit = 0; /* Pixel size is unknown by default */
319 cinfo->X_density = 1; /* Pixel aspect ratio is square by default */
320 cinfo->Y_density = 1;
322 /* Choose JPEG colorspace based on input space, set defaults accordingly */
324 jpeg_default_colorspace(cinfo);
329 * Select an appropriate JPEG colorspace for in_color_space.
333 jpeg_default_colorspace (j_compress_ptr cinfo)
335 switch (cinfo->in_color_space) {
337 jpeg_set_colorspace(cinfo, JCS_GRAYSCALE);
340 jpeg_set_colorspace(cinfo, JCS_YCbCr);
343 jpeg_set_colorspace(cinfo, JCS_YCbCr);
346 jpeg_set_colorspace(cinfo, JCS_CMYK); /* By default, no translation */
349 jpeg_set_colorspace(cinfo, JCS_YCCK);
352 jpeg_set_colorspace(cinfo, JCS_UNKNOWN);
355 ERREXIT(cinfo, JERR_BAD_IN_COLORSPACE);
361 * Set the JPEG colorspace, and choose colorspace-dependent default values.
365 jpeg_set_colorspace (j_compress_ptr cinfo, J_COLOR_SPACE colorspace)
367 jpeg_component_info * compptr;
370 #define SET_COMP(index,id,hsamp,vsamp,quant,dctbl,actbl) \
371 (compptr = &cinfo->comp_info[index], \
372 compptr->component_id = (id), \
373 compptr->h_samp_factor = (hsamp), \
374 compptr->v_samp_factor = (vsamp), \
375 compptr->quant_tbl_no = (quant), \
376 compptr->dc_tbl_no = (dctbl), \
377 compptr->ac_tbl_no = (actbl) )
379 /* Safety check to ensure start_compress not called yet. */
380 if (cinfo->global_state != CSTATE_START)
381 ERREXIT1(cinfo, JERR_BAD_STATE, cinfo->global_state);
383 /* For all colorspaces, we use Q and Huff tables 0 for luminance components,
384 * tables 1 for chrominance components.
387 cinfo->jpeg_color_space = colorspace;
389 cinfo->write_JFIF_header = FALSE; /* No marker for non-JFIF colorspaces */
390 cinfo->write_Adobe_marker = FALSE; /* write no Adobe marker by default */
392 switch (colorspace) {
394 cinfo->write_JFIF_header = TRUE; /* Write a JFIF marker */
395 cinfo->num_components = 1;
396 /* JFIF specifies component ID 1 */
397 SET_COMP(0, 1, 1,1, 0, 0,0);
400 cinfo->write_Adobe_marker = TRUE; /* write Adobe marker to flag RGB */
401 cinfo->num_components = 3;
402 SET_COMP(0, 0x52 /* 'R' */, 1,1, 0, 0,0);
403 SET_COMP(1, 0x47 /* 'G' */, 1,1, 0, 0,0);
404 SET_COMP(2, 0x42 /* 'B' */, 1,1, 0, 0,0);
407 cinfo->write_JFIF_header = TRUE; /* Write a JFIF marker */
408 cinfo->num_components = 3;
409 /* JFIF specifies component IDs 1,2,3 */
410 /* We default to 2x2 subsamples of chrominance */
411 SET_COMP(0, 1, 2,2, 0, 0,0);
412 SET_COMP(1, 2, 1,1, 1, 1,1);
413 SET_COMP(2, 3, 1,1, 1, 1,1);
416 cinfo->write_Adobe_marker = TRUE; /* write Adobe marker to flag CMYK */
417 cinfo->num_components = 4;
418 SET_COMP(0, 0x43 /* 'C' */, 1,1, 0, 0,0);
419 SET_COMP(1, 0x4D /* 'M' */, 1,1, 0, 0,0);
420 SET_COMP(2, 0x59 /* 'Y' */, 1,1, 0, 0,0);
421 SET_COMP(3, 0x4B /* 'K' */, 1,1, 0, 0,0);
424 cinfo->write_Adobe_marker = TRUE; /* write Adobe marker to flag YCCK */
425 cinfo->num_components = 4;
426 SET_COMP(0, 1, 2,2, 0, 0,0);
427 SET_COMP(1, 2, 1,1, 1, 1,1);
428 SET_COMP(2, 3, 1,1, 1, 1,1);
429 SET_COMP(3, 4, 2,2, 0, 0,0);
432 cinfo->num_components = cinfo->input_components;
433 if (cinfo->num_components < 1 || cinfo->num_components > MAX_COMPONENTS)
434 ERREXIT2(cinfo, JERR_COMPONENT_COUNT, cinfo->num_components,
436 for (ci = 0; ci < cinfo->num_components; ci++) {
437 SET_COMP(ci, ci, 1,1, 0, 0,0);
441 ERREXIT(cinfo, JERR_BAD_J_COLORSPACE);
446 #ifdef C_PROGRESSIVE_SUPPORTED
448 LOCAL jpeg_scan_info *
449 fill_a_scan (jpeg_scan_info * scanptr, int ci,
450 int Ss, int Se, int Ah, int Al)
451 /* Support routine: generate one scan for specified component */
453 scanptr->comps_in_scan = 1;
454 scanptr->component_index[0] = ci;
463 LOCAL jpeg_scan_info *
464 fill_scans (jpeg_scan_info * scanptr, int ncomps,
465 int Ss, int Se, int Ah, int Al)
466 /* Support routine: generate one scan for each component */
470 for (ci = 0; ci < ncomps; ci++) {
471 scanptr->comps_in_scan = 1;
472 scanptr->component_index[0] = ci;
482 LOCAL jpeg_scan_info *
483 fill_dc_scans (jpeg_scan_info * scanptr, int ncomps, int Ah, int Al)
484 /* Support routine: generate interleaved DC scan if possible, else N scans */
488 if (ncomps <= MAX_COMPS_IN_SCAN) {
489 /* Single interleaved DC scan */
490 scanptr->comps_in_scan = ncomps;
491 for (ci = 0; ci < ncomps; ci++)
492 scanptr->component_index[ci] = ci;
493 scanptr->Ss = scanptr->Se = 0;
498 /* Noninterleaved DC scan for each component */
499 scanptr = fill_scans(scanptr, ncomps, 0, 0, Ah, Al);
506 * Create a recommended progressive-JPEG script.
507 * cinfo->num_components and cinfo->jpeg_color_space must be correct.
511 jpeg_simple_progression (j_compress_ptr cinfo)
513 int ncomps = cinfo->num_components;
515 jpeg_scan_info * scanptr;
517 /* Safety check to ensure start_compress not called yet. */
518 if (cinfo->global_state != CSTATE_START)
519 ERREXIT1(cinfo, JERR_BAD_STATE, cinfo->global_state);
521 /* Figure space needed for script. Calculation must match code below! */
522 if (ncomps == 3 && cinfo->jpeg_color_space == JCS_YCbCr) {
523 /* Custom script for YCbCr color images. */
526 /* All-purpose script for other color spaces. */
527 if (ncomps > MAX_COMPS_IN_SCAN)
528 nscans = 6 * ncomps; /* 2 DC + 4 AC scans per component */
530 nscans = 2 + 4 * ncomps; /* 2 DC scans; 4 AC scans per component */
533 /* Allocate space for script. */
534 /* We use permanent pool just in case application re-uses script. */
535 scanptr = (jpeg_scan_info *)
536 (*cinfo->mem->alloc_small) ((j_common_ptr) cinfo, JPOOL_PERMANENT,
537 nscans * SIZEOF(jpeg_scan_info));
538 cinfo->scan_info = scanptr;
539 cinfo->num_scans = nscans;
541 if (ncomps == 3 && cinfo->jpeg_color_space == JCS_YCbCr) {
542 /* Custom script for YCbCr color images. */
543 /* Initial DC scan */
544 scanptr = fill_dc_scans(scanptr, ncomps, 0, 1);
545 /* Initial AC scan: get some luma data out in a hurry */
546 scanptr = fill_a_scan(scanptr, 0, 1, 5, 0, 2);
547 /* Chroma data is too small to be worth expending many scans on */
548 scanptr = fill_a_scan(scanptr, 2, 1, 63, 0, 1);
549 scanptr = fill_a_scan(scanptr, 1, 1, 63, 0, 1);
550 /* Complete spectral selection for luma AC */
551 scanptr = fill_a_scan(scanptr, 0, 6, 63, 0, 2);
552 /* Refine next bit of luma AC */
553 scanptr = fill_a_scan(scanptr, 0, 1, 63, 2, 1);
554 /* Finish DC successive approximation */
555 scanptr = fill_dc_scans(scanptr, ncomps, 1, 0);
556 /* Finish AC successive approximation */
557 scanptr = fill_a_scan(scanptr, 2, 1, 63, 1, 0);
558 scanptr = fill_a_scan(scanptr, 1, 1, 63, 1, 0);
559 /* Luma bottom bit comes last since it's usually largest scan */
560 scanptr = fill_a_scan(scanptr, 0, 1, 63, 1, 0);
562 /* All-purpose script for other color spaces. */
563 /* Successive approximation first pass */
564 scanptr = fill_dc_scans(scanptr, ncomps, 0, 1);
565 scanptr = fill_scans(scanptr, ncomps, 1, 5, 0, 2);
566 scanptr = fill_scans(scanptr, ncomps, 6, 63, 0, 2);
567 /* Successive approximation second pass */
568 scanptr = fill_scans(scanptr, ncomps, 1, 63, 2, 1);
569 /* Successive approximation final pass */
570 scanptr = fill_dc_scans(scanptr, ncomps, 1, 0);
571 scanptr = fill_scans(scanptr, ncomps, 1, 63, 1, 0);
575 #endif /* C_PROGRESSIVE_SUPPORTED */